Conjunctivitis, commonly called pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva – the thin, clear membrane covering the white part of your eye and lining your eyelids. This condition can develop from several causes, each requiring different approaches to treatment and care.
The most common and contagious form, often accompanying colds or respiratory infections. Spread through direct contact with infected fluids or contaminated surfaces. Symptoms typically begin in one eye and frequently spread to the other within days.
Caused by bacterial infection, this type produces noticeable thick, yellow or greenish discharge that can cause eyelids to stick together, especially after sleep. Highly contagious through direct contact with infected secretions.
Triggered by allergens like pollen, dust mites or pet dander, this non-contagious form causes intense itching, redness and watery eyes, often occurring seasonally or in specific environments.
Results from exposure to chemicals, smoke, chlorine or foreign objects in the eye. This non-infectious type causes burning, redness and excessive tearing as the eye attempts to flush out the irritant.
Viral cases typically cause watery discharge and light sensitivity. Bacterial infections produce thick pus that may crust overnight. Allergic reactions lead to intense itching and clear watery discharge, often with nasal allergy symptoms. Irritant exposure causes immediate burning and redness.
Viral conjunctivitis usually resolves on its own within 1-2 weeks. Applying cool compresses and using artificial tears can provide relief while your immune system fights the infection. Antibiotic eye drops or ointments effectively treat bacterial cases, with improvement typically seen within 2-3 days.
For allergic conjunctivitis, antihistamine or mast cell stabilizer eye drops provide relief, along with cold compresses and avoiding known allergens. Irritant-related cases require thorough flushing with sterile saline solution and removing the offending substance.
Practice frequent hand washing and avoid touching your eyes to prevent spreading infectious forms. Don’t share personal items like towels, eye makeup or contact lens equipment. Replace eye cosmetics regularly and properly disinfect contact lenses. During allergy seasons, keep windows closed and use air purifiers to reduce allergen exposure.
Consult an eye doctor immediately if you experience severe pain, vision changes, or symptoms worsening after several days. Those with compromised immune systems should seek prompt evaluation. Most cases resolve within two weeks, but proper treatment can speed recovery and prevent complications.
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