Thyroid diseases are disorders that affect the thyroid gland’s ability to produce the appropriate amount of thyroid hormones, essential for regulating metabolism, energy levels, and overall bodily functions. Common thyroid diseases include hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), where the gland doesn’t produce enough hormones, leading to symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, and depression. Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) involves the excessive production of thyroid hormones, causing symptoms such as weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and anxiety. Other thyroid disorders include thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid), goiter (enlarged thyroid), and thyroid nodules, which may be benign or malignant. Diagnosis often involves blood tests to measure hormone levels, imaging tests, and sometimes a biopsy. Treatment depends on the specific condition and may include medication, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland. Regular monitoring and early intervention can effectively manage thyroid diseases and maintain normal thyroid function.
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