Bladder cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the bladder, a hollow organ that stores urine. It is one of the most common cancers of the urinary system and can present with symptoms such as blood in the urine (hematuria), frequent urination, painful urination, and lower abdominal pain.
Bladder cancer can vary in severity from superficial tumors confined to the bladder lining to invasive cancers that penetrate deeper into the bladder wall and surrounding tissues.
Diagnosis typically involves a combination of imaging tests, such as ultrasound or CT scans, and cystoscopy, a procedure in which a thin tube with a camera is inserted into the bladder to visualize and biopsy abnormal tissue.
Treatment options depend on the stage and grade of the cancer and may include surgery (such as transurethral resection or cystectomy), chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy.
Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence. Regular follow-up is essential to monitor for any signs of cancer returning.
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