Colonoscopy is a pivotal diagnostic method utilized to examine the inner lining of the colon and rectum. It involves the use of a flexible, long tube equipped with a camera, known as a colonoscope, which is inserted through the rectum. This procedure directly visualizes the colon’s interior, empowering doctors to distinguish abnormalities such as polyps, tumors, or inflammation. Colonoscopy is commonly utilized to screen for colorectal cancer, examine gastrointestinal symptoms like bleeding or chronic diarrhea, and screen inflammatory bowel diseases. It is recommended as a routine screening tool starting at age 45, or earlier if there is a family history of colorectal cancer. The procedure is usually performed under sedation, ensuring patient comfort. In addition to diagnostic purposes, colonoscopy allows for therapeutic interventions, such as the removal of polyps or biopsy of suspicious lesions. Regular colonoscopy screenings can significantly reduce the risk of colorectal cancer through early detection and treatment.
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