Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, the thin, transparent layer that lines the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. This condition can be caused by various factors, including viral or bacterial infections, allergens, or irritants.
Viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious and is often associated with colds or upper respiratory infections. Bacterial conjunctivitis can also be contagious and is typically characterized by a purulent discharge that may cause the eyelids to stick together. Allergic conjunctivitis, on the other hand, is caused by allergens such as pollen or dust and is usually accompanied by itchy, red, and watery eyes without the presence of discharge. Irritant conjunctivitis occurs due to exposure to chemicals or environmental pollutants.
Diagnosis is based on a clinical examination and, in some cases, laboratory tests to identify the cause. Treatment depends on the underlying cause: viral conjunctivitis usually resolves on its own, bacterial conjunctivitis may require antibiotic eye drops, and allergic conjunctivitis can be managed with antihistamines and avoiding allergens. Maintaining good hygiene and avoiding touching or rubbing the eyes are important to prevent the spread of infectious forms of conjunctivitis.
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