Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease that includes conditions such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis. It is characterized by airflow obstruction that makes it difficult to breathe. The primary cause of COPD is long-term exposure to irritants that damage the lungs, particularly cigarette smoke, though air pollution and workplace exposure to dust or chemicals can also contribute. Symptoms of COPD include chronic coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness. As the disease progresses, even simple physical activities like walking or climbing stairs can become challenging.
Although there is no cure for COPD, treatment focuses on managing symptoms and slowing disease progression. Smoking cessation is the most critical step for patients who smoke. Medications, including bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, and combination inhalers, are commonly prescribed to open the airways and reduce inflammation. In more severe cases, oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, and even surgical interventions may be necessary. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to improving the quality of life for COPD patients and preventing further lung damage.
Dr. Arda Kiani is a highly accomplished pulmonologist with extensive expertise in interventional pulmonology and bronchoscopy. He completed his general medical education at […]
Dr. Atefeh Abedini is a highly respected pulmonologist and an associate professor specializing in lung diseases in Tehran, Iran. She is affiliated with […]
