Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that impairs the body’s ability to form blood clots, leading to prolonged bleeding even after minor injuries. This condition is caused by a deficiency in clotting factors, which are proteins in the blood that control bleeding. Hemophilia is typically inherited and primarily affects males, though females can be carriers and occasionally show mild symptoms. There are two main types: Hemophilia A (deficiency of factor VIII) and Hemophilia B (deficiency of factor IX).
Symptoms of hemophilia include frequent nosebleeds, excessive bleeding from cuts or dental work, and internal bleeding, particularly in the joints, which can lead to joint damage and pain. Without proper treatment, bleeding episodes can be life-threatening, particularly when they occur in critical areas like the brain or internal organs.
Treatment for hemophilia involves replacing the missing clotting factor through regular infusions, which help prevent or control bleeding episodes. Patients with hemophilia also need to avoid activities that could cause injury, and they may require physical therapy to manage joint problems. Advances in gene therapy and new treatment options continue to improve the quality of life for those with hemophilia, allowing them to live more active and fulfilling lives.
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