Hypospadias is a common birth condition in boys where the opening of the urethra (the tube that carries urine out of the body) is not located at the tip of the penis. Instead, it forms on the underside. This opening can be found anywhere along the shaft of the penis, on the scrotum, or in the area between the scrotum and the anus (the perineum).
Affecting approximately 1 in every 200 to 300 male newborns, the severity of hypospadias is directly related to how far the opening is from the tip of the penis.
Common Associated Features
Hypospadias is often accompanied by other physical findings, which can include:
Chordee: A downward curvature of the penis that can be more noticeable during an erection.
Incomplete Foreskin: The foreskin may not fully develop around the tip, often appearing as a “dorsal hood” that covers the top but leaves the underside exposed.
Penile Torsion: A slight twist or rotation of the penis.
What Causes Hypospadias?
While the exact cause is not entirely known, medical experts believe it occurs due to a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors during critical stages of fetal development. Interruptions in the action of male hormones (androgens) in the womb can prevent the urethra and foreskin from developing completely.
Treatment: Surgical Correction
The primary and highly effective treatment for hypospadias is surgery. The procedure is typically recommended when a child is between 6 and 18 months of age. This timing is ideal because the tissues are still developing and healing is rapid, and the procedure occurs before the child forms lasting memories.
The main goals of surgery are to:
Reposition the Urethral Opening: Move the meatus to the correct position at the tip of the penis to allow for a straight, controlled urine stream.
Straighten the Penis: Correct any chordee (curvature) to ensure normal sexual function later in life.
Improve Cosmetic Appearance: Create a normal-looking penis, which is important for psychological well-being.
Depending on the complexity of the case, the repair can often be completed in a single operation, though more severe cases might require a staged approach.
Success Rates and Outlook
Thanks to significant advancements in pediatric urological surgical techniques, the success rate for hypospadias repair is very high. The vast majority of boys who undergo this surgery go on to have completely normal urinary and sexual function, with excellent cosmetic results. Early intervention allows children to grow and develop without any limitations related to the condition.
If you suspect your son has hypospadias, consulting with a pediatric urologist is the essential first step toward obtaining an accurate diagnosis and a personalized treatment plan.
