Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, where blood cells are produced. It is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal white blood cells, which crowd out normal cells, impairing the body’s ability to fight infections, carry oxygen, and clot blood. There are several types of leukemia, including Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), each varying in onset, progression, and treatment options.
Leukemia is one of the most common cancers in children, with ALL being the most prevalent type in pediatric patients. Symptoms may include fatigue, fever, frequent infections, easy bruising or bleeding, bone or joint pain, and swollen lymph nodes. Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, and genetic testing. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of leukemia and may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and sometimes stem cell transplantation. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can significantly improve the prognosis, especially in children, who often have a better response to treatment.
