Mammography is a low-dose X-ray imaging technique specifically designed to examine breast tissue. As the gold standard for early breast cancer detection, it can reveal tumors and abnormalities before they’re palpable or cause symptoms.
Why Mammograms Matter
Detects 85-90% of breast cancers, even in women with no symptoms
Can identify tumors 2-3 years before they’re felt
Reduces breast cancer mortality by 20-40% through early detection
Recommended as routine screening for women starting at age 40
Types of Mammograms
1. Screening Mammogram
✔ For asymptomatic women (no breast complaints)
✔ Typically two X-rays per breast (top-to-bottom and side views)
✔ Recommended annually for women 40+
2. Diagnostic Mammogram
✔ Used when symptoms exist (lump, pain, nipple discharge)
✔ More detailed images with additional angles
✔ May include spot compression/magnification views
3. 3D Mammography (Tomosynthesis)
Creates layered 3D images of breast tissue
15-30% more accurate than standard 2D mammograms
Particularly effective for dense breast tissue
Reduces false positives by 40%
What to Expect During Your Mammogram
Before the Exam
Avoid deodorants, powders, or creams (can appear as calcifications)
Wear a two-piece outfit for easier undressing
Schedule 1-2 weeks after your period (when breasts are least tender)
During the Exam (10-15 minutes)
Each breast is compressed between two plates for clear imaging
You’ll hold still while technologist takes images
Mild discomfort lasts only a few seconds per image
After the Exam
Most women resume normal activities immediately
Radiologist reviews images (results typically within 1-2 weeks)
3D mammograms may require slightly longer interpretation
Who Should Get Mammograms?
General Guidelines
Annual screening starting at age 40 (per American College of Radiology)
Continue as long as in good health (no upper age limit)
High-Risk Women
✔ Start 5-10 years earlier than affected relative’s diagnosis age
✔ May need MRI + mammogram if:
BRCA gene mutation
Lifetime risk >20%
Radiation to chest between 10-30 years old
Mammogram Accuracy
Detects 4-8 cancers per 1,000 women screened
10-15% false negatives (higher in dense breasts)
3D mammograms reduce callback rates by 30-40%
Limitations & Considerations
⚠ Less effective for women with dense breasts (supplement with ultrasound/MRI)
⚠ False positives may lead to additional testing
⚠ Compression discomfort (temporary)
Why Regular Screening Saves Lives
Early-stage breast cancer has 99% 5-year survival rate
Tumors found by mammogram are smaller and more treatable
Allows for less aggressive treatment options
💡 Schedule your annual mammogram today – early detection is your best protection.
Dr. Negar Mashoori is a board-certified breast surgeon and clinical faculty member at Tehran University of Medical Sciences, recognized for her: Specialized expertise in oncologic […]
