Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord. In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers nerve fibers, leading to inflammation and damage. This disruption impairs the ability of the nerves to transmit electrical signals, resulting in a wide range of symptoms.
These can include fatigue, vision problems, muscle weakness, difficulty with coordination and balance, and cognitive changes. MS symptoms vary greatly among individuals, and the disease can progress differently over time.
Although there is currently no cure for MS, advancements in treatments have significantly improved the management of symptoms and quality of life for patients. Disease-modifying therapies, corticosteroids, and symptomatic treatments are commonly used to manage MS, with ongoing research focused on finding more effective therapies and ultimately a cure.
