Periodontitis is an advanced form of gum disease that:
✔️ Damages gums and soft tissues
✔️ Destroys the bone supporting teeth if untreated
✔️ Develops from untreated gingivitis
✔️ Can lead to tooth loss and systemic health issues
Key Symptoms:
Swollen, tender, or bleeding gums
Persistent bad breath (halitosis)
Receding gums & longer-looking teeth
Loose or shifting teeth
Pain when chewing
Causes & Risk Factors
🔹 Primary Cause: Bacterial plaque buildup leading to gum inflammation
🔹 Contributing Factors:
Poor oral hygiene
Smoking & tobacco use
Diabetes & hormonal changes
Genetic predisposition
Medications causing dry mouth
Poor nutrition (vitamin C deficiency)
Stages of Periodontitis
1. Gingivitis (Early Stage)
Reversible gum inflammation
Red, swollen gums that bleed easily
2. Mild Periodontitis
Early bone loss
Formation of periodontal pockets
3. Moderate Periodontitis
Increased bone destruction
Noticeable gum recession
4. Severe Periodontitis
Significant bone loss
Tooth mobility & potential tooth loss
Diagnosis & Treatment Options
Non-Surgical Treatments
✔ Scaling & Root Planing (Deep Cleaning)
Removes plaque & tartar below the gumline
Smooths roots to promote gum reattachment
✔ Antibiotic Therapy
Topical (gels, chips) or oral antibiotics
Helps control bacterial infection
Surgical Treatments (Advanced Cases)
✔ Flap Surgery (Pocket Reduction)
Lifts gums to remove deep tartar deposits
Secures gums back in place for tighter fit
✔ Bone & Tissue Grafts
Regenerates lost bone & gum tissue
Uses synthetic or natural grafting materials
✔ Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR)
Stimulates regrowth of lost bone & connective tissue
Prevention & Maintenance
✅ Daily Oral Care:
Brush twice daily with a soft-bristle toothbrush
Floss daily & use interdental brushes
Antimicrobial mouthwash (chlorhexidine-based)
✅ Professional Care:
Regular dental cleanings (every 3-6 months)
Periodontal maintenance visits
✅ Lifestyle Adjustments:
Quit smoking
Manage diabetes & other systemic conditions
Eat a balanced diet (rich in vitamins C & D)
Long-Term Outlook
With early intervention & proper care, periodontitis can be controlled, preventing tooth loss and protecting overall health. Untreated cases may lead to:
⚠️ Tooth loss
⚠️ Increased risk of heart disease & stroke
⚠️ Complications in diabetes & respiratory diseases
