Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the joints, causing inflammation, pain, and stiffness. Unlike osteoarthritis, which results from wear and tear, RA occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the lining of the joints (synovium), leading to swelling and eventual damage to the cartilage and bone.
Over time, this can result in joint deformity, loss of function, and severe disability if left untreated. RA commonly affects the hands, wrists, knees, and feet, but it can also impact other organs, such as the lungs, heart, and eyes.
Symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis typically include joint pain, swelling, warmth, and stiffness, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity. In addition to joint issues, many people with RA experience fatigue, fever, and weight loss.
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in managing the disease and preventing joint damage.
Rheumatologists often use a combination of medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and biologics, to reduce inflammation and slow disease progression. Physical therapy, exercise, and lifestyle changes are also important in managing symptoms and maintaining joint function.
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