Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a technique used to manage chronic pain, particularly when other treatments have failed. This method involves implanting a device that sends electrical impulses to the spinal cord to alter the perception of pain.
Mechanism
Spinal cord stimulation works by disrupting the pain signals before they reach the brain. The implanted device consists of a pulse generator and electrodes placed in the epidural space of the spinal cord. The pulse generator produces electrical impulses that are transmitted through the electrodes, creating sensations that override the pain signals.
Indications
Spinal cord stimulation is indicated for patients with chronic pain conditions such as:
Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FBSS): Persistent pain following spinal surgery.
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS): A condition characterized by severe, chronic pain, often affecting the limbs.
Neuropathic Pain: Pain resulting from nerve damage or dysfunction.
Procedure
The spinal cord stimulation procedure involves several steps:
Trial Stimulation: Before permanent implantation, a trial phase is conducted to assess the effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation. During this phase, temporary electrodes are implanted, and the patient uses an external pulse generator to evaluate pain relief.
Permanent Implantation: If the trial is successful, a permanent device is implanted. The procedure is typically performed under local anesthesia and sedation. The pulse generator is implanted in a subcutaneous pocket, and the electrodes are positioned in the epidural space.
Benefits and Risks
Benefits:
Pain Relief: Many patients experience significant pain relief and improved quality of life.
Reduced Need for Medications: Spinal cord stimulation can decrease reliance on pain medications.
Minimally Invasive: The procedure is less invasive compared to traditional surgery.
Risks:
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