Tennis elbow, medically known as lateral epicondylitis, is an overuse injury causing inflammation and microtears in the tendons connecting the forearm muscles to the bony prominence on the outside of the elbow (lateral epicondyle). Despite its name, this condition affects both athletes and non-athletes alike.
Primary Causes and Risk Factors
Repetitive Motion Activities:
Racquet sports (tennis, squash, badminton)
Weight training and gym exercises
Throwing sports (baseball, javelin)
Occupational Hazards:
Computer use and typing
Construction work (hammering, screwdriving)
Painting and decorating
Mechanical repairs
Other Contributing Factors:
Poor technique or equipment in sports
Sudden increase in activity intensity
Age-related tendon degeneration (common in 30-50 age group)
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Common Symptoms:
Dull, aching pain on outer elbow
Pain that radiates down forearm
Weak grip strength
Pain when:
Shaking hands
Turning doorknobs
Holding coffee cups
Lifting objects
Diagnostic Process:
Physical examination (Cozen’s test, Mill’s test)
Medical history review
Imaging studies (ultrasound or MRI if needed)
Effective Treatment Strategies
Conservative Treatments (First Line Approach):
Activity Modification: Rest from aggravating activities
Ice Therapy: 15-20 minutes several times daily
NSAIDs: Ibuprofen or naproxen for pain/inflammation
Physical Therapy:
Eccentric strengthening exercises
Stretching routines
Ultrasound therapy
Manual therapy techniques
Bracing:
Counterforce braces
Wrist splints for night use
Advanced Interventions (For Persistent Cases):
Corticosteroid Injections: For short-term pain relief
Tennis elbow typically responds well to comprehensive treatment approaches. Early intervention and proper rehabilitation are key to successful recovery and prevention of recurrence. For optimal results, work with physical therapists and sports medicine specialists to develop a personalized treatment plan.
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