The vocal cords, or vocal folds, are two bands of muscle tissue located within the larynx. They are essential for sound production, as they vibrate to generate voice when air passes through them. Various conditions can affect the vocal cords, leading to voice changes, discomfort, or breathing difficulties.
One common condition is laryngitis, characterized by inflammation of the vocal cords, often resulting from viral infections, overuse, or exposure to irritants like smoke. Symptoms include hoarseness, a weak voice, and throat discomfort. Treatment typically involves voice rest, hydration, and addressing the underlying cause.
Vocal cord nodules and polyps are benign growths that develop due to chronic vocal strain or misuse. Nodules are small, callous-like formations that usually appear in pairs, while polyps are larger, blister-like lesions that can occur on one or both vocal cords. Both conditions can cause hoarseness and a breathy voice. Voice therapy is often effective in treating these lesions, and in some cases, surgical removal may be necessary.
Vocal cord paralysis occurs when one or both vocal cords cannot move properly due to nerve damage. This can result from surgical injury, neurological disorders, or infections. Symptoms include a breathy voice, difficulty swallowing, and shortness of breath. Treatment options depend on the severity and may include voice therapy, surgical procedures to reposition the vocal cord, or injections to bulk up the paralyzed cord.
Maintaining vocal health is essential for preventing these conditions. Recommendations include staying hydrated, avoiding excessive throat clearing, refraining from smoking, and practicing proper voice techniques, especially for individuals who use their voice professionally. Regular check-ups with an otolaryngologist can aid in early detection and management of vocal cord disorders.
Dr. Shahram Ghasem Baglou is a distinguished otolaryngologist and head and neck surgeon based in Tabriz, Iran, with over two decades of medical […]
Dr. Samane Abdi Sofi Omleshi is a distinguished otolaryngologist based in Karaj, Iran, specializing in ear, nose, and throat (ENT) disorders. She holds […]