Nasal and paranasal sinus tumors are abnormal growths that develop within the nasal cavity and the air-filled spaces (sinuses) surrounding it. These growths can be either non-cancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant) and can arise from the various tissues that line these structures.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The most common type of cancerous tumor in this area.
Adenocarcinoma: A cancer that starts in the glandular tissues.
Sinonasal Lymphoma: A cancer that begins in the immune system cells (lymphocytes) within the sinuses.
Benign Tumors: Such as inverted papillomas, which are non-cancerous but can sometimes become cancerous over time.
Symptoms are often similar to common sinus issues, which is why these tumors can sometimes be overlooked. Key signs include:
Persistent nasal congestion, usually on one side only.
Frequent nosebleeds (epistaxis).
Facial pain, pressure, or numbness, often around the eyes, cheeks, or forehead.
A decreased sense of smell.
A visible mass or growth within the nose.
Swelling or bulging of the eye or vision changes (in advanced cases).
Because symptoms mimic common conditions, a thorough workup is essential:
Physical Examination: An ENT specialist will examine the nasal passages with a lighted instrument.
Nasal Endoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a camera is used to get a detailed view of the nasal cavity and sinuses.
Imaging Studies: A CT scan or MRI is crucial to determine the tumor’s exact size, location, and if it has invaded nearby structures like the eye or brain.
Biopsy: A small tissue sample is taken to be analyzed under a microscope. This is the only way to confirm if a tumor is benign or malignant.
Treatment is highly personalized and depends on the tumor type, size, location, and whether it has spread.
Surgery: The primary treatment. Surgeons often use minimally invasive endoscopic techniques to remove the tumor through the nose, avoiding external incisions.
Radiation Therapy: Used after surgery to destroy any remaining cancer cells or as a primary treatment for some tumors.
Chemotherapy: Often used in combination with radiation, especially for larger or aggressive cancers.
Early diagnosis and treatment are critical because:
It significantly improves the chances of a successful cure.
It allows for less extensive surgery, which helps preserve normal nasal function and appearance.
It prevents the tumor from growing and causing damage to critical nearby structures like the eyes, optic nerves, or brain.
If you experience persistent, one-sided nasal symptoms that do not resolve with standard treatments, it is important to see an ENT specialist for a proper evaluation.
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