Cervical cancer is a significant health concern for women worldwide, arising from malignant cells in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. The disease typically develops slowly over time, often starting with precancerous changes known as dysplasia. Most cervical cancers are caused by persistent infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted virus. While many HPV infections resolve on their own, some can lead to cervical cancer if left untreated.
Symptoms of cervical cancer may not be apparent in the early stages. As the disease progresses, symptoms can include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, pain during intercourse, and unusual vaginal discharge. Regular screening is crucial as it can detect precancerous changes early, significantly reducing the risk of developing cervical cancer. Pap smears and HPV tests are commonly used for screening and can identify abnormal cells or HPV infection before cancer develops.
Preventive measures include HPV vaccination, which is highly effective in protecting against the types of HPV most commonly linked to cervical cancer. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to improving outcomes. If cervical cancer is diagnosed, treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, depending on the cancer stage and patient health. Ongoing research aims to improve treatment strategies and enhance early detection methods to combat this serious disease effectively.
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