Cirrhosis of the liver is a progressive liver disease characterized by extensive scarring (fibrosis) of liver tissue, which impairs the organ’s ability to function properly. The condition results from chronic damage to the liver, which can stem from a variety of causes including chronic hepatitis B or C infections, excessive alcohol consumption, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and certain genetic disorders.
As cirrhosis progresses, healthy liver tissue is replaced with scar tissue, which disrupts blood flow and impairs the liver’s ability to perform essential functions such as detoxifying harmful substances, producing proteins, and regulating blood clotting. Symptoms may include fatigue, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), abdominal swelling, easy bruising, and confusion due to the buildup of toxins in the blood.
Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests, imaging studies (like ultrasound or CT scans), and sometimes a liver biopsy. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause of cirrhosis, alleviating symptoms, and preventing further liver damage. This may involve lifestyle changes (such as abstaining from alcohol), medications, and in advanced cases, liver transplantation. Regular monitoring and management are crucial to improving quality of life and preventing complications.
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