Esophageal cancer is a malignancy that occurs in the esophagus, the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. This cancer can start in any part of the esophagus and may be classified into two main types: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.
Risk factors include smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, and chronic acid reflux (GERD).
Symptoms often include difficulty swallowing, weight loss, chest pain, and persistent cough.
Diagnosis is typically made through endoscopy and biopsy.
Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these, depending on the stage and location of the cancer.
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