Heart diseases, also known as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), encompass a range of conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels. They are the leading cause of death globally, impacting millions of individuals each year. The primary types of heart diseases include coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure, arrhythmias, and heart valve disorders.
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
CAD is the most common form of heart disease. It happens when the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle, are limited or blocked due to plaque buildup. This can lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, and heart attacks. Risk factors for CAD include high cholesterol, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, and a sedentary lifestyle. Heart Failure Heart failure, also known as congestive heart failure, occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the body’s needs. It can result from conditions that weaken or damage the heart, such as CAD, high blood pressure, or previous heart attacks. Side effects incorporate weakness, shortness of breath, and swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet.
Arrhythmias
Arrhythmias are irregular heartbeats that can be too fast, slow, or erratic. They occur when the electrical signals that coordinate heartbeats malfunction. Common types include atrial fibrillation, bradycardia, and tachycardia. Arrhythmias can cause palpitations, dizziness, and fainting, and in severe cases, may lead to stroke or sudden cardiac arrest.
Heart Valve Disorders
Heart valve disorders involve damage or dysfunction of one or more of the heart’s valves, which control blood flow within the heart. Conditions such as valve stenosis (narrowing) or regurgitation (leakage) can disrupt normal blood flow, leading to fatigue, shortness of breath, and swollen feet or ankles.
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