HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells), which are essential for immune function. If left untreated, HIV can progress to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), the most severe stage of the virus, where the immune system is significantly weakened, making the individual vulnerable to opportunistic infections and cancers.
HIV is primarily transmitted through unprotected sexual contact, sharing of needles, or from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. Early symptoms of HIV infection include flu-like symptoms, but as the disease progresses, it can remain asymptomatic for years while continuing to damage the immune system.
Treatment for HIV involves antiretroviral therapy (ART), a combination of medications that helps control the virus, allowing individuals to lead healthy lives. ART prevents the virus from multiplying, reducing the viral load to undetectable levels, which means it cannot be transmitted to others. While there is no cure for HIV, early diagnosis and consistent ART can prevent the progression to AIDS and improve life expectancy. Prevention strategies, such as regular testing, safe sex practices, and needle exchange programs, are critical in curbing the spread of HIV/AIDS.
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