Liver cancer, or hepatic cancer, is a malignancy that originates in the liver. It can develop as a primary cancer, where cancer cells start in the liver, or as a secondary cancer, where it spreads from another part of the body. The most common type of primary liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Risk factors for liver cancer include chronic hepatitis B or C infection, cirrhosis, excessive alcohol consumption, and certain genetic conditions. Symptoms often include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, and loss of appetite. Diagnosis is typically made through imaging studies, blood tests, and sometimes a liver biopsy. Treatment options depend on the cancer stage and may include surgery, liver transplantation, radiation therapy, and targeted therapies. Early detection is challenging but crucial, as the prognosis is significantly better with early intervention. Regular monitoring for individuals at high risk is essential for managing liver cancer effectively.
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