Spinal surgery encompasses various procedures aimed at treating conditions affecting the spine, such as herniated discs, spinal stenosis, or spinal deformities. These surgeries are performed to relieve pain, restore function, and stabilize the spine. Common types of spinal surgery include discectomy (removal of a herniated disc), laminectomy (removal of part of the vertebra to relieve pressure on the spinal cord), and spinal fusion (joining two or more vertebrae together to provide stability). The choice of procedure depends on the specific condition and its severity. Spinal surgery is often preceded by imaging studies like MRI or CT scans to accurately diagnose the problem. While spinal surgery can offer significant relief and improved quality of life, it carries risks such as infection, nerve damage, and postoperative pain. Advances in minimally invasive techniques and technology have enhanced the safety and efficacy of spinal surgeries, leading to faster recovery and reduced complications.