دکتر مریم میرزایی مقدم

سؤالات متداول

• 1. What is cancer?

  Cancer is a disease where abnormal cells grow and divide uncontrollably, leading to the formation of tumors. It can affect any part of the body and is more prevalent today than in the past. While cancer is a serious condition, advancements in medical science have made many forms of cancer treatable and even curable.

• 2. What are the symptoms of cancer during treatment?

  Symptoms during cancer treatment may include fever above 38°C, shivering, night sweats, severe diarrhea, frequent urination, severe cough, and sore throat. If these symptoms occur, contact your doctor or go to the hospital immediately.

• 3. Is a specialist doctor present at all cancer treatment sessions?

  No, treatment is typically administered by expert technicians. A radiotherapy oncology specialist may be present during some sessions if necessary.

• 4. Can cancer in children be treated?

  Yes, cancer can occur at any age, including in children. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are crucial for successful outcomes in pediatric cancer cases.

• 5. How does chemotherapy treat cancer?

  Chemotherapy uses strong chemicals to target and kill rapidly growing cancer cells. These drugs either shrink tumors or stop cancer cells from growing and spreading.

• 6. How does radiotherapy help treat cancer?

  Radiotherapy uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells or shrink tumors by damaging the DNA of the cells, preventing them from dividing.

• 7. What is hormone therapy in cancer treatment?

  Hormone therapy stops or slows the growth of cancers that use hormones to grow. It can be used alone or in combination with other treatments like chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

• 8. How does brachytherapy destroy cancer cells?

  Brachytherapy is a form of internal radiation where radioactive implants are placed inside or near the tumor to deliver high doses of radiation, while sparing surrounding healthy tissue.

• 9. How does targeted cancer therapy work?

  Targeted therapy uses drugs to focus on specific molecules or genes in cancer cells that are responsible for tumor growth. It aims to slow or stop cancer progression by attacking cancer at a genetic level.

• 10. What are the chemotherapy intervals?

  Chemotherapy treatments are usually administered every 3 weeks, though intervals may vary between 2 to 4 weeks depending on the specific disease and treatment plan.

• 11. What are the side effects of chemotherapy?

  Common side effects of chemotherapy include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss, fatigue, and mouth sores. Side effects depend on the type of drug and the patient's response.

• 12. How does chemotherapy affect the skin?

  Chemotherapy can cause skin changes such as redness, dryness, darkening, and itching. In some cases, nails may become brittle or discolored.

• 13. Why does chemotherapy cause fatigue?

  Chemotherapy reduces red blood cell count, leading to anemia. This results in fatigue, dizziness, shortness of breath, and weakness.

• 14. Can I take other medications during chemotherapy?

  Always consult your doctor before taking any additional medications, including painkillers, vitamins, or supplements, as they may interfere with chemotherapy treatment.

• 15. Do all chemotherapy drugs cause hair loss?

  No, not all chemotherapy drugs cause hair loss. The likelihood of hair loss depends on the specific chemotherapy drug being used.

• 16. Is hair loss during chemotherapy permanent?

  Hair loss during chemotherapy is usually temporary. Hair typically begins to grow back 4 to 6 weeks after treatment is completed.

• 17. Is chemotherapy that causes hair loss more effective?

  No, the effectiveness of chemotherapy is not related to whether it causes hair loss. Different drugs have different side effects and effectiveness depends on the type of cancer being treated.

• 18. Why does chemotherapy cause loss of appetite?

  Chemotherapy can alter taste buds, reduce appetite, or cause mouth sores, making eating difficult. Small, frequent meals and nutritious foods are recommended to maintain strength.

• 19. Why does chemotherapy cause burning in the tongue and throat?

  Some chemotherapy drugs can cause mouth and throat dryness or sores, making swallowing and chewing difficult. Soft, pureed foods and proper oral care can help alleviate this discomfort.

• 20. Can I get a tattoo during chemotherapy?

  It’s advisable to avoid tattoos during chemotherapy due to the increased risk of infection from a reduced white blood cell count.

• 21. Can I have dental procedures during chemotherapy?

  Non-urgent dental work should be postponed, but necessary procedures can be performed after coordinating with your doctor and checking blood cell levels.

• 22. Can I take vitamins or supplements during chemotherapy?

  Always consult your doctor before taking vitamins or supplements, as some may interfere with chemotherapy. In certain cases, such as after stomach surgery, supplements may be necessary.

• 23. Can I take painkillers during chemotherapy?

  Taking acetaminophen is generally safe, but always consult your doctor before using any other painkillers during chemotherapy.

• 24. Can I use antibiotics during chemotherapy?

  Consult your doctor before using antibiotics. Some symptoms of chemotherapy side effects may mimic infections, and misdiagnosing them could complicate treatment.

• 25. Can I get a vaccine during chemotherapy?

  Consult your doctor before getting any vaccines. Live vaccines should be avoided during chemotherapy, while inactivated vaccines may be less effective.

• 26. Does chemotherapy affect fertility in women?

  Chemotherapy can affect fertility, especially in women over 35. Fertility counseling before starting treatment can help preserve reproductive options.

• 27. Can chemotherapy be administered during pregnancy?

  Chemotherapy is typically avoided during the first trimester but may be considered safe in later stages of pregnancy. Always consult your oncologist for guidance.

• 28. How many radiotherapy sessions are required?

  The number of radiotherapy sessions varies depending on the type and progression of the tumor. Sessions can range from a single session to 30-40 sessions, based on the treatment plan recommended by your doctor.

• 29. Who is included in my treatment team in the radiotherapy department?

  Your treatment team includes a Radiotherapy Specialist (responsible for overseeing the treatment), a Radiotherapy Expert (who performs the daily treatment), and a Clinical Physicist (who designs therapeutic fields). Depending on the tumor, other team members may include psychologists, nutritionists, and physical therapists.

• 30. How much does radiotherapy cost?

  The cost of radiotherapy depends on the type of treatment, the number of sessions, and is based on the approvals of the Ministry of Health. Final costs are determined after the treatment plan is completed.

• 31. What are the side effects of radiotherapy?

  Common side effects include skin reactions, anorexia, swelling, pain, hair loss, sore throat, fatigue, and nausea. Late side effects can include changes in skin shape and color, tenderness in ribs, and vomiting.

• 32. What should I do if I have severe nausea and vomiting after a radiotherapy session?

  Eat small, frequent meals, avoid spicy and fatty foods, and drink fluids before or after meals (not during). Fresh air, light activities, and relaxation can help reduce nausea. If nausea persists, consult your radiotherapy specialist for medication.

• 33. Are skin problems during radiotherapy dangerous?

  Skin reactions like redness, dryness, and peeling are normal during radiotherapy. These changes usually appear 2-4 weeks after treatment starts and are not dangerous. Blisters and discharge may occur in sensitive areas.

• 34. What should be done to reduce skin complications during radiotherapy?

  Avoid tight clothing, rubbing, or scratching the treated area. Do not use lotions, perfumes, or ointments without consulting your doctor. Keep the area clean, avoid direct sunlight, and use prescribed creams immediately after treatment.

• 35. Can I feel radiation during each treatment session?

  No, radiation is painless, and you won’t feel anything during each treatment session.

• 36. Why do some radiotherapy sessions take longer than others?

  Advanced centers perform imaging during some sessions to ensure the patient's position is consistent with the treatment plan. This improves accuracy but may add time to the session. The first session is often the longest due to initial settings.

• 37. Can I perform physical activity after starting radiotherapy?

  Yes, depending on your condition. Your doctor will advise you on the appropriate activity level during treatment.

• 38. Does radiotherapy make my body radioactive?

  No, radiotherapy uses external radiation that does not leave radioactive material in the body. It is safe for patients to be around others, including children and pregnant women.

• 39. Can I undergo dental procedures or get a tattoo during chemotherapy?

  Non-urgent dental procedures should be postponed. For necessary procedures, consult your doctor first. Tattoos should be avoided due to increased infection risk from a weakened immune system during chemotherapy.

• 40. Can I take vitamins or supplements during chemotherapy?

  Consult your doctor before taking vitamins or supplements, as some may interfere with chemotherapy. In certain cases, such as after stomach surgery, supplements may be needed.

• 41. Can I receive vaccines (e.g., a flu shot) during chemotherapy?

  Live vaccines should be avoided during chemotherapy. Inactivated vaccines may be used but may not be as effective. Always consult your doctor before getting any vaccine.