Nephrology (Kidneys)

Nephrology is the medical specialty focused on kidney health, covering the diagnosis, treatment, and management of kidney diseases and related conditions. Nephrologists are experts in preserving kidney function and addressing complications from kidney disorders.


Common Kidney Conditions Treated

1. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

  • Progressive loss of kidney function over time.

  • Stages 1–5 (based on glomerular filtration rate, GFR).

  • Leading causes: Diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis.

2. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

  • Sudden kidney failure (due to dehydration, infection, toxins).

  • Reversible with prompt treatment.

3. Glomerular Diseases

  • Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of kidney filters (autoimmune/infectious causes).

  • Nephrotic Syndrome: Excessive protein leakage into urine.

4. Electrolyte & Acid-Base Disorders

  • Imbalances in sodium, potassium, calcium, or pH levels.

5. Hypertension (Kidney-Related)

  • Renovascular hypertension (narrowed kidney arteries).


Diagnostic Tools in Nephrology

✔ Blood Tests: Serum creatinine, BUN, eGFR (assess kidney function).
✔ Urine Tests: Protein, blood, or abnormal cells (detects damage).
✔ Imaging: Ultrasound, CT, MRI (evaluates kidney structure).
✔ Kidney Biopsy: Examines tissue for disease patterns.


Treatment Approaches

1. Medications

  • ACE Inhibitors/ARBs: Protect kidneys in diabetes/hypertension.

  • Diuretics: Manage fluid overload.

  • Immunosuppressants: For autoimmune kidney diseases.

2. Lifestyle & Dietary Management

  • Low-sodium, low-protein diet (reduces kidney workload).

  • Fluid restriction (for advanced CKD).

  • Blood pressure/blood sugar control.

3. Advanced Therapies

  • Dialysis:

    • Hemodialysis: Machine filters blood (3–4 times/week).

    • Peritoneal Dialysis: Uses abdominal lining for filtration (daily).

  • Kidney Transplant: Preferred for end-stage renal disease (ESRD).


When to See a Nephrologist

  • GFR < 60 or persistent protein in urine.

  • Recurrent kidney stones or unexplained electrolyte imbalances.

  • Uncontrolled hypertension despite medications.


Prevention & Early Detection

✅ Regular check-ups if diabetic/hypertensive.
✅ Hydration (avoid nephrotoxins like NSAIDs).
✅ Vaccinations (e.g., hepatitis B for dialysis patients).


Advances in Nephrology

  • Artificial Kidney Development (wearable/implantable devices).

  • Genetic Testing for inherited kidney diseases (e.g., PKD).

  • Telemedicine for remote CKD monitoring.

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7 Results
Koosha Kamali

Koosha Kamali

Kidney Transplant

Dr. Koosha Kamali is a distinguished urologist based in Tehran, Iran, affiliated with Hashemi Nejad Hospital, one of the leading centers for kidney […]

Farshad Namdari

Farshad Namdari

Kidney Transplant

Dr. Farshad Namdari is a prominent urologist based in Tehran, Iran, specializing in urology and male infertility. His extensive education and training, coupled […]

Shahrzad Ossareh

Shahrzad Ossareh

Internist

Dr. Shahrzad Ossare is a highly accomplished nephrologist and professor of medicine, currently serving as the head of the nephrology and hemodialysis ward […]

Sara Keshtkari

Sara Keshtkari

Internist

Dr. Sara Keshtkari is a distinguished nephrologist, specializing in kidney diseases and hypertension, with extensive expertise in dialysis and kidney transplantation in Iran. […]

Shahdak Dadashpour

Shahdak Dadashpour

Internist

Dr. Shahdak Dadashpour is a highly accomplished nephrologist based in Tehran, Iran, with a distinguished academic and professional background. She earned her degree […]

Mohammad Hossein Soltani

Mohammad Hossein Soltani

Endourologist

Dr. Mohammad Hossein Soltani is a highly accomplished urologist, recognized for his significant contributions in education and research. He holds esteemed positions such […]