دکتر زهره عشقی

سؤالات متداول

• 1. What is rheumatism, and how is it treated?

  Rheumatism is a non-specific term historically used to describe various conditions causing chronic, often intermittent pain affecting the joints and connective tissue. Today, it encompasses diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and fibromyalgia. Treatment depends on the specific condition but generally includes medications (such as NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs), physical therapy to maintain joint flexibility, lifestyle modifications like regular exercise and a balanced diet, and, in severe cases, surgical interventions to repair or replace damaged joints.

• 2. What is a pelvic doctor, and when should one consult them?

  A pelvic doctor, often referred to as a gynecologist or urologist, specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions related to the pelvic region. For women, gynecologists address reproductive health issues, including menstrual disorders, pelvic pain, and urinary incontinence. Urologists treat urinary tract problems in both men and women. Consulting a pelvic doctor is advisable when experiencing symptoms like persistent pelvic pain, abnormal bleeding, urinary difficulties, or issues related to sexual health.

• 3. What are varicose veins, and how are they treated?

  Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins visible just under the skin's surface, commonly occurring in the legs. They result from weakened or damaged valves in the veins, leading to blood pooling. Treatment options include lifestyle changes (such as exercise and elevating the legs), compression stockings to improve blood flow, sclerotherapy (injecting a solution to close the vein), laser treatments, and surgical procedures like vein stripping or ligation. The choice of treatment depends on the severity of the condition and the patient's overall health.

• 4. What is spina bifida, and what surgical options are available?

  Spina bifida is a neural tube defect where the spine and spinal cord don't form properly, leading to varying degrees of disability. Surgical options depend on the type and severity of the condition. For myelomeningocele, the most severe form, surgery is often performed shortly after birth to close the spinal defect and prevent infections. In some cases, prenatal surgery may be considered to repair the spinal defect before birth. Additional treatments may include physical therapy, assistive devices, and management of associated conditions like hydrocephalus.

• 5. What is eye vision therapy, and who can benefit from it?

  Eye vision therapy is a personalized program of visual activities designed to correct or improve specific vision problems, such as binocular vision disorders, amblyopia (lazy eye), and convergence insufficiency. It involves exercises to strengthen eye muscles, improve focusing abilities, and enhance coordination between the eyes and brain. Individuals with certain visual challenges, including children with learning-related vision issues or adults experiencing eye strain, may benefit from vision therapy.

• 6. What exercises are recommended for treating frozen shoulder?

  Frozen shoulder, or adhesive capsulitis, is characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint. Gentle stretching and range-of-motion exercises are crucial for recovery. Recommended exercises include pendulum stretches, towel stretches, and finger walk exercises up a wall. It's essential to perform these exercises within a pain-free range and gradually increase intensity. Consulting a physical therapist can provide a tailored exercise program to ensure safe and effective rehabilitation.

• 7. What is the difference between rheumatology and orthopedics?

  Rheumatology is a subspecialty of internal medicine focusing on diagnosing and treating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases affecting the joints, muscles, and bones, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. Orthopedics is a branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system, including bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles. Orthopedic surgeons perform surgical interventions to correct deformities, repair injuries, and treat degenerative diseases.

• 8. What is a sternum fracture, and how is it treated?

  A sternum fracture is a break in the breastbone, often resulting from direct trauma to the chest, such as in car accidents. Symptoms include chest pain, especially when breathing or coughing, and tenderness over the sternum. Treatment typically involves pain management with medications, rest, and avoiding activities that could exacerbate the injury. In rare cases where the fracture is displaced or associated with other injuries, surgical intervention may be necessary.

• 9. What is gout, and how is it treated in the foot?

  Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to sudden and severe pain, redness, and swelling. The big toe is a common site for gout attacks. Treatment includes medications to reduce pain and inflammation (such as NSAIDs, colchicine, or corticosteroids), lifestyle modifications like dietary changes to lower uric acid levels, and medications to prevent future attacks by reducing uric acid production or increasing its excretion.

• 10. What is a ganglion cyst, and how is it treated?

  A ganglion cyst is a noncancerous lump filled with jelly-like fluid that typically develops along tendons or joints, commonly in the wrists or hands. While often painless, they can cause discomfort or interfere with joint movement. Treatment options include observation (as they can resolve on their own), immobilization with a brace or splint, aspiration to drain the fluid, or surgical removal if the cyst is painful or recurrent.

• 11. What is psoriatic arthritis?

  Psoriatic arthritis is an inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis, characterized by joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and skin lesions. The condition can affect any joint but often impacts fingers and toes. Treatment typically involves anti-inflammatory medications, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), or biologics aimed at controlling inflammation and preventing joint damage.

• 12. What is an orthopedic brace?

  An orthopedic brace is a supportive device designed to stabilize or immobilize a body part—commonly used for joints like knees or wrists—to aid in recovery from injuries or surgeries. Braces help reduce pain by limiting movement while allowing healing to occur. They can also provide support for chronic conditions such as arthritis or instability.

• 13. How is a Baker's cyst treated with physiotherapy?

  Baker's cyst treatment through physiotherapy focuses on alleviating symptoms associated with swelling behind the knee caused by excess synovial fluid accumulation. Treatment methods may include gentle stretching exercises to improve range of motion, strengthening exercises for surrounding muscles, manual therapy techniques to reduce tension in the knee area, and modalities like ice or ultrasound for pain relief.

• 14. What are the causes of knee noise (crepitus), and how can it be treated

  Knee noise or crepitus can arise from various causes including cartilage wear (osteoarthritis), ligament injuries, or gas bubbles forming within joint fluid during movement. While it’s often benign if not accompanied by pain or swelling, treatment may involve strengthening exercises for surrounding muscles, physical therapy modalities to improve joint function, or addressing underlying conditions with medications if necessary.

• 15. What is an osteoporosis ampoule?

  An osteoporosis ampoule typically refers to a pre-filled injection containing medication used in treating osteoporosis—a condition characterized by weakened bones that increases fracture risk. Medications delivered via injection may include bisphosphonates or other agents designed to strengthen bone density over time.

• 16. What are the symptoms of mid-back pain?

  Symptoms of mid-back pain can vary but commonly include dull aching sensations in the middle of the back region, stiffness that limits movement, muscle spasms, or sharp pains during certain activities like lifting or twisting. In some cases, mid-back pain may radiate into other areas such as shoulders or arms depending on underlying causes.

• 17. How does physiotherapy help with swallowing disorders?

  Physiotherapy for swallowing disorders involves specialized techniques aimed at improving swallowing function through targeted exercises that strengthen throat muscles involved in swallowing. Therapists may also provide strategies for safe eating practices while addressing any underlying neurological conditions contributing to dysphagia (difficulty swallowing).

• 18. What is cervical radiculopathy and what are its causes and treatment methods?

  Cervical radiculopathy occurs when nerve roots in the cervical spine become compressed or irritated due to conditions like herniated discs or bone spurs. Symptoms typically include neck pain radiating into shoulders or arms along with numbness or weakness in affected areas. Treatment methods may involve physical therapy focused on strengthening neck muscles, medications for pain relief (such as NSAIDs), corticosteroid injections for inflammation reduction, or surgical intervention if conservative measures fail.

• 19. How is shoulder bursitis pain treated?

  Shoulder bursitis pain treatment usually begins with conservative measures including rest from aggravating activities, ice application for swelling reduction, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain relief, and physical therapy focusing on stretching and strengthening shoulder muscles. In persistent cases where symptoms do not improve with conservative care, corticosteroid injections may be considered.

• 20. What is lumbar lordosis; what are its symptoms; how can it be corrected; what are its treatment methods?

  Lumbar lordosis refers to an exaggerated inward curve of the lower back which can lead to discomfort or postural issues. Symptoms may include lower back pain that worsens with prolonged sitting or standing as well as muscle tightness around the hips. Correction methods often involve physical therapy focusing on core strengthening exercises coupled with stretches targeting tight hip flexors; bracing may also be used in some cases alongside lifestyle modifications aimed at improving posture.

• 21. How is knee gout treated?

  Knee gout treatment involves managing acute flare-ups through medications such as NSAIDs for inflammation control during attacks along with colchicine specifically targeting gout symptoms. Long-term management includes lifestyle changes aimed at reducing uric acid levels through dietary modifications—limiting purine-rich foods—and medications like allopurinol prescribed by healthcare providers for chronic management of gout.

• 22. How is shoulder joint loosening treated when there is instability?

  Shoulder joint loosening due to instability often requires a combination of conservative management strategies including physical therapy focused on strengthening rotator cuff muscles around the shoulder joint while improving stability through targeted exercises; activity modification might also be necessary during recovery periods following injury events leading up to instability concerns; surgical intervention could be considered if conservative approaches fail over time effectively addressing persistent instability issues.

• 23. How does physiotherapy help with cervical nerve entrapment?

  Physiotherapy for cervical nerve entrapment focuses on relieving pressure from affected nerves through targeted exercises aimed at improving neck strength while enhancing flexibility; manual therapy techniques may also be employed by therapists alongside modalities like heat application or ultrasound therapy designed specifically for reducing inflammation around entrapped nerves; education regarding postural adjustments plays an essential role too—helping patients avoid positions that exacerbate their condition moving forward.

• 24. What is compression therapy and how does it affect physiotherapy outcomes?

  Compression therapy involves applying controlled pressure using specialized garments like stockings or bandages designed primarily to improve circulation while reducing swelling; within physiotherapy contexts—especially post-surgical rehabilitation—compression aids recovery by minimizing edema formation while promoting venous return which enhances overall healing processes significantly; practitioners often incorporate compression into broader rehabilitation plans tailored specifically towards individual patient needs depending upon their unique circumstances.

• 25. How is sciatic nerve entrapment treated?

  Treatment options for sciatic nerve entrapment focus primarily on relieving pressure from affected nerves through various approaches including physical therapy emphasizing stretching exercises targeting tight muscles around hips/lower back regions; anti-inflammatory medications might also play roles alongside corticosteroid injections when necessary providing additional relief during acute episodes; surgical interventions could become viable considerations should conservative measures fail effectively addressing persistent entrapment scenarios over time leading up towards improved functional outcomes ultimately desired by patients seeking resolution from debilitating symptoms experienced along their sciatica journeys overall.